---
title: "Chi-squared Calculator"
author: "Russell Almond"
date: "2019-11-05"
output: html_document
runtime: shiny
---

```{r setup, include=FALSE}
knitr::opts_chunk$set(echo = TRUE)
```

## Chi-squared Probabilities.

In this tool, you input a $\chi^2$ score and the degrees of freedom, and get a corresponding $p$-value.

```{r probabilities, echo=FALSE}
inputPanel(
  selectInput("tails", label = "Which tails",
              choices = c("Upper tail: Pr(x^2 < X^2)"="upper",
                          "Lower tail: Pr(X^2 < x^2)"="lower"),
              selected = "upper"),
  
  numericInput("x2", label = "chi-squared value:", value=2),
  numericInput("df", label = "Degrees of Freedom", value =1)
)

renderPlot({
  q <- input$x2
  df <- input$df
  p <- switch(input$tails,
              upper=1-pchisq(q,df),
              lower=pchisq(q,df))
  xl <- round(qchisq(.999,df),1)
  curve(dchisq(x,df),main=paste("Probability of shaded region = ",round(p,3)),
        sub=paste("chi-squared = ",round(q,3)),
        xlim = c(0,xl),yaxt="n",cex=3,cex.lab=2,cex.main=2,ylab="",xlab="Chi-squared")
  switch(input$tails,
         upper={
           cord.xu <- c(q,seq(q,xl,0.01),xl)
           cord.yu <- c(0,dchisq(seq(q,xl,0.01),df),0)
           polygon(cord.xu,cord.yu,col='plum')
           axis(1,q,paste(round(q,3)),cex.axis=2)
         },
         lower={
           cord.xl <- c(0,seq(0,q,0.01),q)
           cord.yl <- c(0,dchisq(seq(0,q,0.01),df),0)
           if(!is.finite(cord.yl[2])) cord.yl[2] <- cord.yl[3]
           polygon(cord.xl,cord.yl,col='plum')
           axis(1,q,paste(round(q,3)),cex.axis=2)
         })
})
```

## Chi-square Quantiles (Critical values).

In this tool, you input a probability and degrees of freedom, and get a corresponding $X^2$ score.

```{r quantiles, echo=FALSE}
inputPanel(
   selectInput("tails1", label = "Which tails",
              choices = c("Upper tail: Pr(x^2 < X^2)"="upper",
                          "Lower tail: Pr(X^2 < x^2)"="lower"),
              selected = "upper"),
  numericInput("pp", label = "Probability of shaded region:", value=0.05, min=0, max=1),
  numericInput("df1", label = "Degrees of Freedom", value =1)
)

renderPlot({
  pp <- as.numeric(input$pp)
  df1 <- as.numeric(input$df1)
  qq <- switch(input$tails1,
              upper=qchisq(1-pp,df1),
              lower=qchisq(pp,df1))
 xl1 <- round(qchisq(.999,df1),1)
  curve(dchisq(x,df1),main=paste("Probability of shaded region = ",round(pp,3)),
        sub=paste("X2(",df1,") = ",round(qq,3)),
        xlim = c(0,xl1),yaxt="n",cex=3,cex.lab=2,cex.main=2,ylab="",xlab="Chi-squared")
   switch(input$tails,
         upper={
           cord.xu1 <- c(qq,seq(qq,xl1,0.01),xl1)
           cord.yu1 <- c(0,dchisq(seq(qq,xl1,0.01),df1),0)
           polygon(cord.xu1,cord.yu1,col='plum')
           axis(1,qq,paste(round(qq,3)),cex.axis=2)
         },
         lower={
           cord.xl1 <- c(0,seq(0,qq,0.01),q)
           cord.yl1 <- c(0,dchisq(seq(0,qq,0.01),df1),0)
           if(!is.finite(cord.yl[2])) cord.yl[2] <- cord.yl[3]
           polygon(cord.xl1,cord.yl1,col='plum')
           axis(1,qq,paste(round(qq,3)),cex.axis=2)
         })

})
```

For $\chi^2$ tests, one almost always looks at upper tail, and rarely look at the lower tail (does the data fit better than expected).  Two-tailed tests are never ("What never?",  "No Never!", "What Never?", "Well hardly ever!", Gilbert & Sulivan, _HMS Pinfore_) done.